Poetry 
Michael McDowell
Portland Community College

Poetry Terminology

Resources
Babette Deutsch, Poetry Handbook: A Dictionary of Terms
Mary Kinzie, A Poet's Guide to Poetry
Jack Myers and Michael Simms, The Longman Dictionary of Poetic Terms
John Frederick Nims, Western Wind: An Introduction to Poetry
William Packard, The Poet's Dictionary: A Handbook of Prosody and Poetic Devices
Alex Preminger, New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics
Lewis Turco, The New Book of Forms: A Handbook of Poetics
Lewis Turco, Poetry: An Introduction Through Writing
Miller Williams, Patterns of Poetry: An Encyclopedia of Forms
Terms in Tables

Metrical Feet

iambic
light stress, heavy stress
the boat
trochaic
heavy stress, light stress
someone
anapestic
light stress, light stress, heavy stress
on the banks
dactylic
heavy stress, light stress, light stress
Annabel
spondaic
heavy stress, heavy stress
lost love
pyrrhic
light stress, light stress
of the
amphibrach
light stress, heavy stress, light stress
September
amphimacer, cretic
heavy stress, light stress, heavy stress
heavyweight
bacchius
light stress, heavy stress, heavy stress
the lost child
antibacchius
heavy stress, heavy stress, light stress
most likely

Equivalents of Language & Poetic Meter (Preminger 774)

Language
Meter
discourse
poem
paragraph
stanza, verse paragraph
sentence
line
clause
hemistich
phrase
measure, metron, colon
word
foot

Metrical Lines

monometer
one-foot line
dimeter
two-foot line
trimeter
three-foot line
tetrameter
four-foot line
pentameter
five-foot line
hexameter
six-foot line
heptameter
seven-foot line
octameter
eight-foot line

Stanzas

line
line
couplet
two-line stanza
triplet, tercet
three-line stanza
quatrain
four-line stanza
quintet, cinquain
five-line stanza
sestet
six-line stanza
septet
seven-line stanza
octave
eight-line stanza

Consonants

plosives
P, B
dentals
T, D, TH
sibilants
S, SH, Z
nasals
M, N, NG
fricatives
F, V
gutterals
G, K
liquids
R, L

Rhymes

true rhyme, perfect rhyme
rhymes in which the ending vowel and consonants are identical, preceded by different consonant sounds, in the accented syllables
night/light
rising rhyme, masculine rhyme
rhyme of lines with rising meters or masculine endings; the last syllable is stressed
surprise/disguise
falling rhyme, feminine rhyme
rhyme of lines with falling meters or feminine endings; the last syllable is only lightly stressed
singing/ringing; vocation/location
rime riche, rich rhyme, false rhyme
rhymes with identical sounds in the consonants immediately preceding the accented vowel as well as in the sounds following it
cyst, persist, insist
double rhyme
feminine rhyme which occurs on the last two syllables of a word
singing/ringing;
triple rhyme
feminine rhyme which occurs on the last three syllables of a word
vocation/location
Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December (Poe, "The Raven")
compound rhyme
rhyme within both stressed and unstressed syllables, or two stressed syllables
childhood/wildwood; 
"Father that wear rags / Do make their children blind, / But fathers that bear bags / Shall see their children kind." (Shakespeare, King Lear)
slant rhyme, off-rhyme, near-rhyme, imperfect rhyme
rhymes in which the vowels are similar rather than exact
hedge, bridge
eye rhyme
words that look as though they should rhyme but don't
word/ lord; blood/food; Venus/menus
trite rhyme
rhyming of words that have been overused for rhymes
almost any popular song; moon/June
pararhyme
a rhyme which varies only the vowel sound between identical consonants
shores/shares; spilled/spoiled; stir/star
adjacent rhyme
rhymes in adjacent lines
aabb ccdd rhyme schemes
alternating rhymes
rhymes in alternating lines
abab cbcb rhyme schemes
end rhyme
rhyme at the ends of lines
internal rhyme
rhyme within a line

Terms in Alphabetical Order
 

abstract [Latin, withdrawn] lacking physical detail. The opposite of concrete. Poetry is concerned with the immediate, the specific, the concrete.

accent the stress placed upon certain syllables in English words

alliteration the repetition of consonant sounds

allusion an indirect brief reference to an historical or literary person, place, object, or event. Allusions appeal subtly to the memory of the reader, depending for their effectiveness on a body of knowledge shared by writer and reader. Biblical allusions and allusions to Shakespeare are common.

ambiguity the state of having more than one meaning. Unintentional ambiguity caused by faulty pronoun reference or vague phrases detracts from  poetry. Ambiguity which suggests two or more plausible meanings for the same context and continues simultaneously several different but suitable trains of thought is one of the characteristics of great poetry.

anakreontics playful lyrics praising wine, amorous dalliance, and song, named after Anakreon, a poet born in Teos in Asia Minor around 572 BCE.

anaphora the repetition of a word or group of words at the beginnings of lines

Anglo-Saxon the language spoken by the Germanic-speaking people who settle in England in the 5th and 6th centuries, also known as Old English. The core vocabulary of modern English is derived mostly from Anglo-Saxon words, which tend to be of one syllable and heavy on fricatives, gutterals, dentals, and plosives. They often are w ords with earthy, directly physical connotations.

apostrophe direct address to an absent person or personified concept or object.

archaic diction or archaism the choice of words from earlier eras in contemporary poetry. A common problem of beginning poets who haven't read much poetry beyond Edgar Allan Poe and the poets of earlier centuries commonly assigned in high school. Romantic-era poets often used archaic diction; otherwise, most poets of most eras have used the language as they and their contemporaries spoke it.

archetype

assemblage

association

assonance the repetition of identical vowel sounds

aubade a morning song, usually  a joyous poem  of two lovers parting at dawn after a night of love

automatic writing

avant-garde

ballad

ballade

blank verse unrhymed iambic pentameter, much used in Shakespeare's plays

caesura

catalogue poem

chapbook

cliché a trite, overworn expression; a dead metaphor

closure the sense of completion at the end of a poem

collaborative poem

collage poem

conceit  a witty extended metaphor

concrete images

concrete poem

confessional poem

connotation

consonance a near rhyme in which the final consonants in the strssed syllbles agree, but the vowels that precede them differ, as in add/read, word/lord

consonant rhyme

copyright

couplet

cover letter

dactyl

deep image

denotation

diction

dramatic monologue

dramatic verse

elegy

empathy

encomium a poem in praise of a living person, object, or event. Encomiums often use the ode form.

end rhyme

end-stopped line a line of verse which completes a grammatical unit, often with a mark of punctuation, at its end. The opposite of enjambed or run-on lines.

end-word the last word of a line of verse.

enjambment the continuation of  the sense and the grammatical structure of a line of on to the next line of verse. The opposite of end-stopped.

envoy

epic

epistolary poem

ethnopoetics

etymology

euphony

extended metaphor

feet

feminine rhyme (double rhyme)

figure of speech

foot

form

found poem

free verse

ghazal

haiku

hyperbole

iamb

iambic pentameter

image

internal rhyme

inversion

juxtaposition

language poetry

Latinate

light verse

line break

little magazines

line

lyric poetry

manipulated poem

masculine rhyme

meditation

metaphor

meter

metonymy

modern poetry

monologue

motif

multiple submissions

mythopoeia

narrative poetry

new formalism

objective correlative

off-rhyme

onomatopoeia

organic form

parallelism

parody

pastoral

pentameter

performance poetry

persona

personification

poem of address

poetic diction

poetics

poetry

poetry reading

prose poem

prosody

pyrrhic

quatrain

repetend

repetition

rhyme scheme

rhythm

run-on lines

SASE

scansion

sense of place

sense of play

sentimentality

sestina

sibilance    "S" or "SH" sounds

simile

slant rhyme

small press

sonnet

spondee

stanza

stress

surrealism

syllabic verse

syllepsis    A grammatical construction in which one word (often a verb) is placed in the same grammatical relationship to two other words (often the objects of the verb) but in different senses, as in Alexander Pope's line, "Or stain her honor, or her new brocade."

symbolism

synecdoche

synesthesia

tenor

tercet

tetrameter

title

tone

traditional forms

trimeter

trochee

vehicle

verse

villanelle

voice

writing workshop
 


Last modified: March 9, 2002
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